PDD HoldingsPDD

13F holders, Q1 2024 (March 31)
575holders
14famous investors
$116.25avg. 13F price*

At the end of Q1 2024, 575 institutions reported holding PDD Holdings Inc. (PDD) in their 13F filings. The largest holders were Baillie Gifford & Co. ($4.0B), BlackRock Inc. ($3.3B) and Vanguard Group Inc. ($2.8B). 14 famous investors held it, including David Tepper (3.7% of Appaloosa's portfolio), Brad Gerstner (3.2% of Altimeter Capital Management's portfolio) and Alex Sacerdote (2.1% of Whale Rock Capital Management's portfolio).

Company
PDD Holdings Inc.
Sector
Consumer Discretionary
CUSIP
722304102
Latest filing quarter
Q2 2026

History

Number of 13F holders

0200400600800 Q1 2024: 575Q1 2024Q2 2024: 646Q2 2024Q3 2024: 602Q3 2024Q4 2024: 586Q4 2024Q1 2025: 584Q1 2025Q2 2025: 537Q2 2025Q3 2025: 559Q3 2025Q4 2025: 574Q4 2025Q1 2026: 568Q1 2026Q2 2026: 508Q2 2026

Total Exit/New Position Q1 2024

InstitutionsTotal Value
New Positions95$458.1M
Exits94$981.6M

Ownership 575 holders

Baillie Gifford & Co. 3.15% Reduce -8.4% 34,780,280 $4.0B
BlackRock Inc. 0.08% Add +2.7% 28,142,861 $3.3B
Vanguard Group Inc. 0.06% Add +0.4% 24,261,575 $2.8B
FMR LLC 0.11% Reduce -19.2% 14,618,676 $1.7B
SC US (ttgp), LTD. 10.96% Reduce -12.1% 12,695,617 $1.5B
Morgan Stanley 0.12% Add +5.6% 12,521,908 $1.5B
HHLR Advisors, LTD. 29.77% Add +16.6% 11,791,547 $1.4B
UBS AM, a distinct business unit of UBS ASSET MANAGEMENT AMERICAS LLC 0.47% Reduce -7.4% 11,227,796 $1.3B
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. 0.27% Add +101.7% 11,003,524 $1.3B
State Street Corp. 0.05% Add +0.8% 10,485,073 $1.2B
Arrowstreet Capital, Limited Partnership 0.78% Add +49.1% 7,232,218 $840.7M
Norges Bank 0.13% Reduce -2.9% 7,138,720 $829.9M
JPMorgan Chase & Co. 0.05% Reduce -13.6% 5,088,382 $591.5M
Assenagon Asset Management S.A. 1.57% Add +15755.1% 5,087,255 $591.4M
Invesco Ltd. 0.13% Add +7.9% 5,026,779 $584.4M
T. Rowe Price Associates Inc. 0.07% Reduce -4.3% 4,704,264 $546.9M
E Fund Management Co., Ltd. 32.84% Reduce -0.5% 4,561,279 $530.2M
Bank of America Corp. 0.05% Add +249.6% 4,079,970 $474.3M
Geode Capital Management, LLC 0.04% Add +5.0% 4,029,056 $466.0M
Legal & General Group Plc 0.13% Reduce -0.5% 3,772,849 $438.6M
IDG China Venture Capital Fund IV Associates L.P. 98.63% Reduce -19.9% 3,756,867 $436.7M
HSBC Holdings PLC 0.31% Add +28.3% 3,685,676 $428.4M
SRS Investment Management, LLC 5.86% Reduce -15.0% 3,647,247 $424.0M
Greenwoods Asset Management Hong Kong Ltd. 13.10% Reduce -23.2% 3,634,667 $422.5M
Tairen Capital Ltd 25.53% Add +58.6% 3,590,300 $417.4M
Krane Funds Advisors LLC 16.04% Add +3.0% 3,294,619 $390.4M
FIL Ltd 0.36% Reduce -22.8% 3,134,861 $364.4M
BNP Paribas Financial Markets 0.42% Add +14.5% 2,916,092 $339.0M
Marshall Wace, LLP 0.50% Reduce -4.0% 2,592,886 $301.4M
Robeco Institutional Asset Management B.V. 0.62% Reduce -1.5% 2,470,832 $287.2M
OLP CAPITAL MANAGEMENT Ltd 44.17% Reduce -22.1% 2,369,888 $275.5M
UBS Group AG 0.08% Add +10.7% 2,146,040 $249.5M
Dimensional Fund Advisors LP 0.07% Add +31.4% 2,127,596 $247.3M
Appaloosa 3.67% Add +171.0% 2,100,000 $244.1M
Schroder Investment Management Group 0.28% Reduce -26.3% 2,017,776 $234.6M
CoreView Capital Management Ltd 32.00% No change 1,962,451 $228.1M
Newlands Management Operations LLC 1.83% Add +0.3% 1,955,653 $227.3M
William Blair Investment Management, LLC 0.56% Reduce -19.1% 1,862,218 $216.5M
First Beijing Investment Ltd 40.87% Add +0.4% 1,826,196 $212.3M
Nuveen Asset Management, LLC 0.06% Reduce -13.4% 1,820,932 $211.7M
Altimeter Capital Management 3.16% Reduce -6.1% 1,767,931 $205.5M
Acadian Asset Management LLC 0.72% Reduce -9.8% 1,766,644 $205.4M
Public Investment Fund 1.10% No change 1,703,275 $198.0M
Squarepoint Ops LLC 0.82% Add +251.9% 1,693,766 $196.9M
APG Asset Management N.V. 0.33% Add +16.8% 1,726,004 $185.8M
Trivest Advisors Ltd 6.44% Add +50.9% 1,576,700 $183.3M
Millennium Management 0.16% Add +103.4% 1,568,155 $182.3M
Bridgewater Associates 0.91% Reduce -36.6% 1,544,497 $179.5M
HSG Holding Ltd 16.58% Reduce -12.1% 1,399,444 $179.2M
National Bank of Canada 0.30% Add +323.9% 1,271,515 $173.3M
Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Group, Inc. 0.12% Reduce -0.9% 1,455,810 $169.2M
Capital Today Evergreen Fund, L.P. 91.48% Reduce -40.8% 1,453,900 $169.0M
Coronation Fund Managers Ltd. 4.28% Add +91.8% 1,354,291 $157.4M
Swiss National Bank 0.11% Add +0.8% 1,349,709 $156.9M
Barclays PLC 0.07% Add +16.1% 1,334,011 $155.1M
Bank of New York Mellon Corp 0.03% Reduce -14.4% 1,331,984 $154.8M
Deutsche Bank AG 0.07% Reduce -0.6% 1,324,760 $154.0M
Scge Management, L.P. 2.81% No change 1,276,000 $148.3M
Whale Rock Capital Management 2.14% Reduce -28.0% 1,238,584 $144.0M
Pictet Asset Management Holding SA 0.16% Reduce -10.8% 1,231,336 $143.1M
Ameriprise Financial Inc. 0.04% Reduce -7.3% 1,197,404 $139.2M
Alliancebernstein L.P. 0.05% Add +109.9% 1,162,261 $135.1M
Northern Trust Corp. 0.02% Add +2.0% 1,161,777 $135.1M
Perseverance Asset Management International 23.89% Add +75.1% 1,137,952 $132.3M
Cederberg Capital Ltd 36.51% Reduce -19.1% 1,132,700 $131.7M
Healthcare of Ontario Pension Plan Trust Fund 0.45% Add +162.6% 1,086,000 $126.2M
Dragoneer Investment Group, LLC 2.91% Reduce -48.5% 1,080,492 $125.6M
First Trust Advisors LP 0.13% Add +24.3% 1,064,404 $123.7M
California Public Employees Retirement System 0.09% Reduce -3.1% 1,050,396 $122.1M
Ninety One UK Ltd 0.33% Reduce -36.5% 1,022,986 $118.9M
WT Asset Management Ltd 11.95% Add +267.5% 1,011,226 $117.6M
Qube Research & Technologies Ltd 0.21% Add +179.3% 996,090 $115.8M
Mirae Asset Global Investments Co., Ltd. 0.25% Reduce -16.6% 1,270,312 $114.0M
Victory Capital Management Inc. 0.11% Add +5.4% 971,030 $112.9M
Allianz Asset Management GmbH 0.19% Reduce -10.3% 963,180 $112.0M
Origin Asset Management LLP 30.66% Reduce -2.3% 957,918 $111.4M
Credit Suisse AG/ 0.11% Reduce -1.5% 943,951 $109.7M
Genesis Investment Management, LLP 22.56% Reduce -1.4% 929,858 $108.1M
CANADA LIFE ASSURANCE Co 0.21% Reduce -1.2% 904,074 $105.2M
Franchise Capital Ltd 19.51% Add +17.9% 902,426 $104.9M
Coatue Management 0.41% Add +22.2% 902,378 $104.9M
Principal Financial Group Inc. 0.06% Add +22.2% 887,931 $103.2M
1832 Asset Management L.P. 0.18% Reduce -7.8% 839,200 $97.6M
Man Group plc 0.27% Add +104.1% 836,448 $97.2M
Connor, Clark & Lunn Investment Management Ltd. 0.41% Add +29.0% 818,783 $95.2M
Point72 Asset Management 0.28% Add +181.2% 812,733 $94.5M
Prudential PLC 0.77% Add +19.3% 804,908 $93.6M
AQR Capital Management 0.16% Add +3.1% 801,939 $93.2M
Pinpoint Asset Management Ltd 14.64% Add +15.9% 779,986 $91.2M
Charles Schwab Investment Management Inc. 0.02% Reduce -1.6% 746,545 $86.8M
ProShare Advisors LLC 0.23% Add +25.5% 738,881 $85.9M
RWC Asset Advisors (us) LLC 6.60% Reduce -62.4% 723,197 $84.1M
Point72 Hong Kong Ltd 4.24% Add +135.2% 723,097 $84.1M
Franklin Resources Inc. 0.03% Add +60.2% 686,479 $79.8M
Causeway Capital Management LLC 2.07% Add +3.8% 682,373 $79.3M
Citigroup Inc. 0.09% Add +20.2% 678,736 $78.9M
IvyRock Asset Management (HK) Ltd 36.70% Add +6.1% 678,636 $78.9M
Jane Street Group, LLC 0.10% Reduce -75.0% 678,439 $78.9M
Fisher Asset Management 0.04% Reduce -61.3% 668,510 $77.7M
Mitsubishi UFJ Trust & Banking Corp 0.18% Reduce -14.0% 665,119 $77.5M
Aberdeen Group plc 0.15% Add +16.3% 654,341 $76.1M
Aspex Management (HK) Ltd 2.04% Reduce -56.2% 650,365 $75.6M
Barings LLC 1.78% Reduce -14.2% 604,304 $70.3M
First Manhattan Co. Llc. 0.23% Reduce -26.0% 600,642 $69.8M
Russell Investments Group, Ltd. 0.11% Reduce -1.1% 596,291 $69.6M
Citadel Advisors 0.07% Add +20.0% 596,296 $69.3M
Alpine Investment Management Ltd 21.99% New 575,000 $66.8M
Harvest Fund Management Co., Ltd 5.98% Reduce -0.6% 573,184 $66.6M
Aviva PLC 0.22% Add +5.7% 563,854 $65.5M
Baron Capital (BAMCO) 0.17% Add +11.5% 562,600 $65.4M
Platinum Investment Management Ltd. 2.61% Reduce -55.8% 557,833 $64.8M
Lazard Asset Management LLC 0.08% Reduce -1.0% 547,881 $63.7M
Royal Bank of Canada 0.01% Reduce -9.3% 521,146 $60.6M
Manufacturers Life Insurance Company, The 0.06% Add +3.4% 512,520 $59.6M
Cat Rock Capital Management LP 6.70% New 503,500 $58.5M
BNP PARIBAS ASSET MANAGEMENT Holding S.A. 0.15% Add +88.1% 499,855 $58.1M
Wellington Management Group LLP 0.01% Add +28.2% 495,721 $57.6M
Kora Management LP 11.92% Reduce -11.8% 495,250 $57.6M
USS Investment Management Ltd 0.46% Add +8.0% 475,283 $55.2M
E Fund Management (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. 35.99% Reduce -13.1% 472,755 $55.0M
Taikang Asset Management (Hong Kong) Co Ltd 11.46% Reduce -34.5% 467,837 $54.4M
Swedbank AB 0.08% Add +9.3% 463,715 $53.9M
Mitsubishi UFJ Asset Management Co., Ltd. 0.07% Add +19.5% 444,539 $51.7M
American Century Companies Inc. 0.03% Reduce -32.8% 430,735 $50.1M
DekaBank Deutsche Girozentrale 0.09% Reduce -0.2% 408,656 $47.7M
AI-Squared Management Ltd 43.74% Add +171.2% 408,778 $47.5M
Korea Investment CORP 0.12% Reduce -0.5% 408,187 $47.5M
BRITISH COLUMBIA INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT Corp 0.32% Add +4.2% 401,100 $46.6M
Handelsbanken Fonder AB 0.19% Reduce -7.7% 384,369 $44.7M
Storebrand Asset Management As 0.15% Add +0.5% 375,442 $43.6M
D. E. Shaw & Co. 0.06% Reduce -67.4% 374,834 $43.6M
Matthews International Capital Management LLC 8.39% Reduce -49.1% 360,693 $41.9M
Sylebra Capital LLC 1.36% Reduce -21.7% 353,202 $41.1M
Zurcher Kantonalbank (Zurich Cantonalbank) 0.14% Add +6.4% 349,941 $40.7M
Polar Capital Holdings Plc 0.21% Reduce -12.3% 343,207 $39.9M
Alberta Investment Management Corp 0.42% No change 338,179 $39.3M
Massachusetts Financial Services Co. 0.01% Add +150.5% 333,288 $38.7M
53 House LLP 9.85% Reduce -11.1% 330,174 $38.4M
Public Sector Pension Investment Board 0.27% Reduce -9.2% 318,394 $37.0M
Yong Rong (HK) Asset Management Ltd 9.83% Reduce -46.4% 316,900 $36.8M
KBC Group NV 0.11% Add +9.8% 310,868 $36.1M
IMC-Chicago, LLC 1.26% New 310,275 $36.1M
SG Americas Securities, LLC 0.18% Reduce -50.4% 305,617 $35.5M
Neuberger Berman Group LLC 0.03% Add +48.3% 300,542 $34.9M
HCEP Management Ltd 6.56% Reduce -40.0% 300,000 $34.9M
Los Angeles Capital Management LLC 0.12% Add +149.0% 296,786 $34.5M
3G Capital Partners LP 14.41% Add +180.9% 295,000 $34.3M
Nordea Investment Management AB 0.04% Reduce -1.2% 293,509 $34.2M
Susquehanna International Group, LLP 0.05% Add +97.5% 291,550 $33.9M
RV Capital AG 9.02% Add +45.9% 290,400 $33.8M
BRIGHT VALLEY CAPITAL Ltd 48.78% Reduce -51.8% 283,400 $32.9M
Mane Global Capital Management LP 2.60% Reduce -40.8% 264,104 $30.7M
Oxbow Capital Management (HK) Ltd 11.93% New 257,000 $29.9M
Prudential Financial Inc. 0.04% Reduce -0.7% 250,032 $29.1M
Monolith Management Ltd 11.28% Reduce -33.2% 244,500 $28.4M
Candriam S.C.A. 0.18% Reduce -21.7% 244,400 $28.4M
Ninety One North America, Inc. 1.37% Reduce -34.5% 241,982 $28.1M
KEYWISE CAPITAL MANAGEMENT (HK) Ltd 3.76% Reduce -49.8% 238,500 $27.7M
Value Star Asset Management (Hong Kong) Ltd 9.50% Reduce -0.8% 236,968 $27.5M
AXA S.A. 0.08% Add +28.4% 235,913 $27.4M
Walleye Trading LLC 0.45% New 234,436 $27.3M
Blue Creek Capital Management Ltd 19.95% Add +14.3% 232,221 $27.0M
MY.Alpha Management HK Advisors Ltd 10.08% Add +31.8% 231,119 $26.9M
Vontobel Asset Management Inc. 0.15% New 232,802 $26.8M
Teacher Retirement System of Texas 0.16% Add +41.6% 221,822 $25.8M
Penserra Capital Management LLC 0.32% Reduce -13.9% 219,681 $25.5M
Hel Ved Capital Management Ltd 6.29% Reduce -25.5% 218,100 $25.4M
California State Teachers Retirement System 0.03% Add +20.3% 217,319 $25.3M
Sei Investments Co. 0.04% Reduce -18.7% 216,038 $25.1M
M&G PLC 0.16% — 201,892 $23.4M
Investmentaktiengesellschaft Fuer Langfristige Investoren TGV 1.57% Add +66.7% 200,000 $23.3M
OVERSEA-CHINESE BANKING Corp Ltd 0.74% Reduce -26.8% 196,894 $22.9M
Balyasny Asset Management L.P. 0.06% Add +342.2% 190,428 $22.1M
Cubist Systematic Strategies, LLC 0.25% Add +105.5% 186,068 $21.6M
Ogborne Capital Management, LLC 5.40% Add +184.6% 185,000 $21.5M
RWC Asset Management LLP 1.62% Reduce -65.4% 183,789 $21.4M
Thornburg Investment Management Inc. 0.29% Reduce -25.4% 180,737 $21.0M
National Pension Service 0.02% Reduce -1.3% 174,013 $20.2M
Resona Asset Management Co.,Ltd. 0.12% — 173,428 $20.2M
Danske Bank A/S 0.06% — 165,278 $19.2M
Macquarie Group Ltd. 0.02% Add +8.6% 164,943 $19.2M
Guggenheim Capital LLC 0.13% Reduce -4.6% 162,084 $18.8M
Jennison Associates LLC 0.01% Reduce -12.6% 158,092 $18.4M
Nan Fung Trinity (hk) Ltd. 4.12% No change 153,300 $17.8M
Panview Asian Equity Master Fund 5.51% New 151,000 $17.6M
Ardmore Road Asset Management LP 3.07% Add +150.0% 150,000 $17.4M
KADENSA CAPITAL Ltd 4.68% Add +47.3% 148,336 $17.2M
Asset Management One Co., Ltd. 0.07% Reduce -3.3% 147,794 $17.2M
Grand Alliance Asset Management Ltd 9.76% Add +813.1% 147,460 $17.1M
Jupiter Asset Management Ltd. 0.16% Add +122.9% 141,064 $16.4M
TD Asset Management Inc 0.02% Reduce -12.8% 140,016 $16.3M
Tudor Investment Corporation 0.20% New 138,596 $16.1M
Mackenzie Financial Corp. 0.02% Add +180.5% 137,227 $16.0M
Dymon Asia Capital (singapore) Pte. LTD. 17.77% New 135,934 $15.8M
Pinebridge Investments, L.P. 0.13% Reduce -19.4% 135,893 $15.8M
Fullerton Fund Management Co Ltd. 0.72% Reduce -79.8% 129,990 $15.1M
DZ BANK AG Deutsche Zentral Genossenschafts Bank, Frankfurt am Main 0.02% Add +23.1% 127,094 $14.8M
All-Stars Investment Ltd 5.89% No change 127,000 $14.8M
MEAG MUNICH ERGO, Kapitalanlagegesellschaft mbH 0.53% Reduce -11.7% 126,718 $14.7M
New York State Common Retirement Fund 0.02% Reduce -36.2% 125,985 $14.6M
PARUS FINANCE (UK) Ltd 5.45% Add +1378.6% 124,407 $14.5M
Panagora Asset Management Inc. 0.07% Add +2.7% 123,855 $14.4M
Janus Henderson Group PLC 0.01% Reduce -9.5% 123,039 $14.3M
AlpInvest Partners B.V. 5.57% No change 122,616 $14.3M
FACT Capital, LP 5.17% Add +5.0% 122,197 $14.2M
PEAK6 Investments LLC 0.68% New 120,994 $14.1M
Polymer Capital Management (HK) LTD 3.53% Add +20.3% 120,641 $14.0M
Nomura Holdings Inc. 0.11% Reduce -82.7% 117,568 $13.7M
CIBC Asset Management Inc 0.05% Add +7.2% 116,944 $13.6M
Aubrey Capital Management Ltd 4.79% Add +21.1% 117,700 $13.5M
CI Investments Inc. 0.05% Reduce -32.5% 115,624 $13.4M
Twinbeech Capital LP 0.28% Reduce -15.2% 114,848 $13.4M
H&H International Investment 0.09% New 110,000 $12.8M
Rhumbline Advisers 0.01% Reduce -1.2% 102,250 $11.9M
Rafferty Asset Management, LLC 0.04% Add +38.0% 100,646 $11.7M
La Financiere DE L'echiquier 0.50% Reduce -35.6% 99,500 $11.6M
Portman Ltd 15.46% New 99,219 $11.5M
Breakout Capital Partners, LP 7.53% Reduce -22.9% 96,818 $11.3M
DNB Asset Management AS 0.06% Reduce -62.5% 95,335 $11.1M
Carrhae Capital LLP 2.17% Add +3.5% 95,231 $11.1M
AEGON ASSET MANAGEMENT UK Plc 0.16% Reduce -18.1% 92,973 $10.8M
Owl Creek Asset Management, L.P. 1.51% New 91,643 $10.7M
Global X Japan Co., Ltd. 2.25% Add +696.5% 91,176 $10.6M
Nomura Asset Management Co. Ltd. 0.04% Add +1.3% 89,478 $10.4M
Trexquant Investment LP 0.21% Reduce -8.3% 88,649 $10.3M
Profund Advisors LLC 0.40% Reduce -7.4% 87,867 $10.2M
Coalescence Partners Investment Management, LP 8.29% Add +64.0% 87,474 $10.2M
TB Alternative Assets Ltd. 2.53% No change 87,000 $10.1M
Orland Properties Ltd 5.58% No change 85,000 $9.9M
Osaic Holdings, Inc. 0.02% Reduce -16.5% 83,835 $9.7M
Shelton Capital Management 0.27% Add +2.5% 80,236 $9.3M
China Universal Asset Management Co., Ltd. 1.17% Add +57.1% 78,893 $9.2M
Capitolis Liquid Global Markets LLC 0.14% Reduce -7.2% 77,000 $9.0M
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans 0.02% Add +26.0% 76,985 $8.9M
Sumitomo Mitsui DS Asset Management Company, Ltd 0.11% Reduce -26.5% 75,321 $8.8M
iA Global Asset Management Inc. 0.17% Add +6.5% 73,060 $8.5M
Voya Investment Management LLC 0.01% Reduce -78.2% 69,039 $8.0M
Varma Mutual Pension Insurance Co 0.07% Add +28.1% 68,400 $8.0M
Ramirez Asset Management, Inc. 1.56% Reduce -20.4% 66,521 $7.7M
CMT Capital Markets Trading GmbH 3.46% New 65,250 $7.6M
Federation des caisses Desjardins du Quebec 0.05% Add +137.1% 54,496 $7.0M
Liontrust Investment Partners LLP 0.10% Add +12.3% 59,119 $6.9M
Ensign Peak Advisors, Inc 0.01% Add +1.6% 58,900 $6.8M
Old Well Partners, LLC 5.97% Reduce -0.5% 57,639 $6.7M
Artal Group S.A. 0.17% Add +73.8% 56,500 $6.6M
CTC LLC 0.10% New 54,175 $6.3M
Artisan Partners Limited Partnership 0.01% Add +10.7% 54,164 $6.3M
Strategic Vision Investment Ltd 4.53% New 54,000 $6.3M
STRS Ohio 0.02% New 53,599 $6.2M
American International Group, Inc. 0.02% Add +0.1% 53,293 $6.2M
Verition Fund Management LLC 0.07% Add +39.0% 52,739 $6.1M
Louisiana State Employees Retirement System 0.12% Reduce -1.3% 52,400 $6.1M
Twenty Acre Capital LP 5.78% Reduce -6.7% 51,500 $6.0M
Tiger Pacific Capital LP 1.38% Reduce -37.2% 51,200 $6.0M
CastleKnight Management LP 0.90% Add +455.4% 51,100 $5.9M
Daiwa Securities Group Inc. 0.03% Add +8.9% 50,977 $5.9M
SPX Gestao de Recursos Ltda 0.51% Reduce -22.4% 50,000 $5.8M
Seldon Capital LP 3.39% No change 48,226 $5.6M
Gulf International Bank (UK) Ltd 0.14% No change 47,142 $5.5M
Taika Capital, LP 2.84% New 47,135 $5.5M
Unigestion Holding SA 0.26% Add +75.8% 46,077 $5.4M
Maxi Investments CY Ltd 1.43% Add +11.0% 46,065 $5.4M
Nissay Asset Management Corp. /Japan 0.04% Add +154.7% 45,490 $5.3M
O'shaughnessy Asset Management, LLC 0.06% Add +19.3% 45,342 $5.3M
Qtron Investments LLC 0.74% Reduce -12.3% 45,223 $5.3M
Cibc World Markets Corp. 0.03% Reduce -54.1% 43,981 $5.1M
Schonfeld Strategic Advisors LLC 0.04% Add +10.0% 43,039 $5.0M
Eisler Capital (UK) Ltd. 0.60% Add +41.5% 41,392 $4.8M
Engineers Gate Manager LP 0.13% Add +73.5% 41,195 $4.8M
Walleye Capital LLC 0.06% New 40,285 $4.7M
ABS Direct Equity Fund LLC 4.29% Add +57.1% 37,700 $4.4M
Chiron Investment Management, LLC 1.90% Add +4853.8% 37,599 $4.4M
Janney Capital Management LLC 0.29% New 37,264 $4.3M
FengHe Fund Management Pte. Ltd. 0.54% Reduce -80.3% 37,210 $4.3M
Vontobel Holding Ltd. 0.03% Reduce -95.2% 36,676 $4.3M
Capstone Investment Advisors, LLC 0.15% Add +165.1% 36,436 $4.2M
Rockefeller Capital Management L.P. 0.01% Reduce -7.3% 35,852 $4.2M
Eschler Asset Management LLP 2.69% New 35,764 $4.2M
OPTIMAS CAPITAL Ltd 3.62% New 35,634 $4.1M
Northwest & Ethical Investments L.P. 0.12% Reduce -28.3% 34,831 $4.0M
IFM Investors Pty Ltd 0.04% No change 34,489 $4.0M
Axiom Investors LLC 0.03% Reduce -88.9% 34,436 $4.0M
Cetera Investment Advisers 0.01% New 34,299 $4.0M
Van Eck Associates Corp. 0.01% Add +112.8% 34,293 $4.0M
Yousif Capital Management, LLC 0.04% Reduce -1.4% 33,344 $3.9M
Shell Asset Management Co. 0.18% Reduce -12.1% 29,127 $3.9M
Crossmark Global Holdings, Inc. 0.07% Add +0.4% 32,484 $3.8M
Wexford Capital LP 0.77% New 32,371 $3.8M
Keystone Investors Pte Ltd. 0.33% Reduce -95.5% 32,185 $3.7M
Pacer Advisors, Inc. 0.01% Add +1.1% 31,600 $3.7M
Y-Intercept (Hong Kong) Ltd 0.28% New 31,575 $3.7M
AMS Capital Ltda 1.00% Add +81.9% 38,842 $3.7M
Wells Fargo & Company 0.00% Reduce -73.5% 31,268 $3.6M
Mediolanum International Funds Ltd 0.06% — 31,030 $3.6M
Alps Advisors Inc. 0.03% Add +17.2% 31,061 $3.6M
Edmond DE Rothschild Holding S.A. 0.06% Reduce -51.6% 30,960 $3.6M
Henry James International Management Inc. 1.09% Add +33.2% 30,443 $3.5M
B. Metzler seel. Sohn & Co. AG 0.04% Reduce -45.3% 29,301 $3.4M
Centiva Capital, LP 0.21% New 28,974 $3.4M
Envestnet Asset Management Inc. 0.00% Add +33.4% 28,098 $3.3M
Lord, Abbett & Co. LLC 0.01% Reduce -96.9% 27,220 $3.2M
Banque Cantonale Vaudoise 0.12% Reduce -44.5% 26,951 $3.1M
State of New Jersey Common Pension Fund D 0.01% Reduce -34.0% 26,729 $3.1M
Prospera Financial Services Inc 0.09% Add +26.7% 26,202 $3.0M
Jefferies Financial Group Inc. 0.07% New 25,800 $3.0M
BI Asset Management Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S 0.05% Reduce -59.9% 24,505 $2.8M
AMF Tjanstepension AB 0.02% New 24,466 $2.8M
Railway Pension Investments Ltd 0.03% Add +243.7% 24,400 $2.8M
Tower Research Capital LLC (TRC) 0.07% Reduce -43.7% 24,354 $2.8M
Redwood Investment Management, LLC 0.27% No change 24,098 $2.8M
Contrarius Investment Management Ltd 0.16% Reduce -89.2% 24,002 $2.8M
OCONNOR, A Distinct Business Unit of UBS ASSET MANAGEMENT AMERICAS (LLC) 0.08% Add +94.1% 22,895 $2.7M
Advisory Services Network, LLC 0.06% Add +32.0% 22,648 $2.6M
Rwa Wealth Partners, LLC 0.04% New 22,512 $2.6M
NEOS Investment Management LLC 0.16% Add +1.4% 22,311 $2.6M
Maytree Asset Management Ltd 4.77% New 21,838 $2.5M
Degroof Petercam Asset Management 0.03% Add +62.6% 21,300 $2.5M
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC 0.01% Reduce -10.4% 21,074 $2.5M
Goldstream Capital Management Ltd 1.37% Add +63.6% 20,914 $2.4M
CenterBook Partners LP 0.16% Add +86.0% 19,974 $2.3M
Morningstar Investment Management LLC 0.25% No change 19,859 $2.3M
NEW THINKING (HONG KONG) INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT CO. Ltd 22.81% New 19,566 $2.3M
Holocene Advisors, LP 0.01% New 19,540 $2.3M
Ameritas Investment Partners, Inc. 0.08% No change 19,373 $2.3M
Commonwealth Equity Services, LLC 0.00% Add +58.2% 18,566 $2.2M
Mariner, LLC 0.00% Reduce -7.8% 18,233 $2.1M
Maytus Capital Management, LLC 0.89% New 18,000 $2.1M
Leonteq Securities AG 0.28% Add +127.3% 17,706 $2.1M
Jump Financial, LLC 0.06% Add +850.7% 17,693 $2.1M
Gsa Capital Partners LLP 0.16% Reduce -1.2% 17,457 $2.0M
Campbell & CO Investment Adviser LLC 0.17% Add +584.0% 17,053 $2.0M
Capital Wealth Planning, LLC 0.02% Add +48.5% 16,993 $2.0M
ClariVest Asset Management LLC 0.20% Add +16807.0% 16,907 $2.0M
Nipun Capital, L.P. 1.74% New 16,900 $2.0M
Virtu Financial LLC 0.15% New 16,554 $1.9M
Creative Planning 0.00% Add +11.8% 15,945 $1.9M
Triasima Portfolio Management inc. 0.15% Add +27.2% 15,760 $1.8M
NewEdge Wealth, LLC 0.04% Add +553.6% 13,189 $1.8M
Dantai Capital Ltd 2.10% Reduce -8.7% 15,600 $1.8M
Raymond James & Associates 0.00% Add +7.9% 15,493 $1.8M
Erste Asset Management GmbH 0.02% Add +1.0% 15,155 $1.8M
RBF Capital, LLC 0.10% No change 15,000 $1.7M
Intech Investment Management LLC 0.02% Reduce -9.3% 14,922 $1.7M
Natixis 0.01% Add +556.8% 14,897 $1.7M
AustralianSuper Pty Ltd 0.01% No change 14,503 $1.7M
QRG Capital Management, Inc. 0.02% Add +2.3% 14,735 $1.7M
TCW Group Inc. 0.02% Add +0.8% 14,586 $1.7M
Oberweis Asset Management Inc./ 0.12% Reduce -42.0% 14,500 $1.7M
Copperwynd Financial, LLC 0.60% Add +9.0% 14,260 $1.7M
Allspring Global Investments Holdings, LLC 0.00% New 14,245 $1.7M
Cerity Partners LLC 0.00% Add +25.5% 14,144 $1.6M
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. 0.03% Add +1.2% 14,010 $1.6M
LPL Financial LLC 0.00% Reduce -25.2% 13,970 $1.6M
NewEdge Advisors, LLC 0.01% Add +104.0% 13,903 $1.6M
Solstein Capital, LLC 1.10% Add +3.7% 13,670 $1.6M
Hershey Trust Co. 0.01% New 13,541 $1.6M
Anthracite Investment Company, Inc. 0.79% New 13,425 $1.6M
Knights of Columbus Asset Advisors LLC 0.11% Reduce -0.5% 13,327 $1.5M
Laird Norton Wetherby Wealth Management, LLC 0.07% Reduce -1.3% 13,053 $1.5M
Ritholtz Wealth Management 0.05% Add +7.0% 13,042 $1.5M
Aperture Investors, LLC 0.19% Add +13.6% 12,607 $1.5M
Agf Management Ltd. 0.01% Reduce -10.1% 12,501 $1.5M
Daiichi Life Insurance Co., Ltd. 0.03% Reduce -13.0% 12,069 $1.4M
Vanguard Personalized Indexing Management, LLC 0.03% Add +5.4% 11,828 $1.4M
Vaughan Nelson Investment Management, L.P. 0.01% New 11,740 $1.4M
Cigna Investments Inc. 0.26% Reduce -1.0% 11,591 $1.3M
Caption Management, LLC 0.15% Add +234.9% 11,400 $1.3M
Compagnie Lombard Odier SCmA 0.02% Add +267.7% 11,400 $1.3M
Compound Planning, Inc. 0.12% Reduce -1.1% 11,188 $1.3M
STF Management LP 0.56% Reduce -0.9% 11,142 $1.3M
Abn Amro Investment Solutions 0.02% Add +7.7% 11,020 $1.3M
State of Wyoming 0.21% Add +9.3% 10,600 $1.2M
Pathstone Holdings, LLC 0.01% Reduce -2.5% 10,524 $1.2M
Employees Retirement System of Texas 0.01% Reduce -71.7% 10,436 $1.2M
CHURCHILL MANAGEMENT Corp 0.01% Reduce -8.1% 10,375 $1.2M
Orion Porfolio Solutions, LLC 0.01% Reduce -11.2% 10,256 $1.2M
Orion Portfolio Solutions, LLC 0.01% Reduce -11.2% 10,256 $1.2M
Landscape Capital Management, L.L.C. 0.10% New 10,200 $1.2M
Greenland Capital Management LP 0.19% New 10,000 $1.2M
SageView Advisory Group, LLC 0.06% New 9,315 $1.1M
Triatomic Management LP 13.29% Add +25.7% 9,795 $1.1M
Naviter Wealth, LLC 0.18% New 9,616 $1.1M
Corient Private Wealth LP 0.00% Add +16.6% 9,500 $1.1M
GTS Securities LLC 0.03% New 9,466 $1.1M
Signaturefd, LLC 0.02% Add +0.8% 9,465 $1.1M
Sicart Associates LLC 0.40% Add +11.1% 9,349 $1.1M
Caas Capital Management LP 0.46% New 9,326 $1.1M
Toronto Dominion Bank 0.00% Reduce -1.1% 9,226 $1.1M
MML Investors Services, LLC 0.00% Add +11.2% 9,174 $1.1M
Focus Partners Wealth 0.01% Reduce -12.7% 8,906 $1.0M
Diversified Trust Co. 0.03% Add +124.2% 8,882 $1.0M
Mercer Global Advisors Inc. 0.00% Add +1.0% 8,469 $986K
Caxton Associates LP 0.07% New 8,350 $971K
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria, S.A. 0.01% Add +14.3% 8,345 $970K
Vident Advisory, LLC 0.02% Add +19.0% 8,236 $957K
Ground Swell Capital, LLC 0.99% New 8,146 $947K
Garda Capital Partners LP 0.44% New 8,121 $944K
Quadrant Capital Group LLC 0.07% Reduce -0.5% 7,757 $902K
Whittier Trust Co. 0.01% Add +14.5% 7,624 $886K
Eos Management, L.P. 0.37% New 7,565 $879K
USA Financial Formulas 0.14% Reduce -9.3% 7,546 $877K
Wahed Invest LLC 0.20% Add +39.0% 7,501 $872K
HighVista Strategies LLC 0.30% No change 7,256 $844K
Parkwood LLC 0.09% Add +127.3% 7,176 $834K
Alpha DNA Investment Management LLC 0.45% New 7,063 $821K
Freemont Capital Pte Ltd 2.40% New 7,000 $814K
Fox Run Management, L.L.C. 0.17% New 6,899 $802K
HighTower Advisors, LLC 0.00% Reduce -76.2% 6,768 $788K
Balentine LLC 0.02% Add +12.5% 6,717 $781K
Redwood Investments, LLC 0.23% No change 18,797 $778K
US Bancorp \de 0.00% Reduce -11.8% 6,680 $777K
Cresset Asset Management, LLC 0.00% Add +7.5% 6,652 $773K
ICICI Prudential Asset Management Co Ltd 0.09% Add +2.6% 6,650 $773K
EMC Capital Management 0.46% Add +116.7% 6,500 $765K
Rakuten Investment Management, Inc. 0.01% New 6,405 $745K
Natixis Investment Managers International 0.05% Reduce -54.8% 6,350 $738K
Siemens Fonds Invest GmbH 0.06% Add +8.1% 6,339 $737K
Edgestream Partners, L.P. 0.04% Add +50.8% 6,276 $730K
Balboa Wealth Partners 0.23% Add +33.2% 6,095 $709K
Rock Creek Group LLC 0.09% Reduce -22.9% 5,935 $690K
Gladstone Institutional Advisory LLC 0.04% Reduce -2.4% 5,821 $677K
XTX Topco Ltd 0.09% New 5,694 $662K
LifePro Asset Management 0.44% Add +4.0% 5,691 $662K
Avanda Investment Management Pte. Ltd. 0.09% New 5,686 $661K
Marex Group Ltd 0.02% Reduce -48.2% 5,684 $661K
Insigneo Advisory Services, LLC 0.08% Add +19.3% 5,532 $643K
CW Advisors, LLC 0.01% Add +30.9% 5,462 $635K
Norinchukin Bank, The 0.02% Reduce -4.7% 5,411 $629K
Ieq Capital, LLC 0.01% Reduce -4.1% 5,376 $625K
Insight Advisors, LLC/ PA 0.12% Reduce -8.6% 5,325 $619K
First Trust Direct Indexing L.P. 0.04% Reduce -7.8% 5,211 $606K
Hennion & Walsh Asset Management, Inc. 0.03% Add +36.7% 5,208 $605K
PFG Investments, LLC 0.04% New 5,201 $605K
Merit Financial Group, LLC 0.01% Reduce -17.7% 4,207 $590K
Quantinno Capital Management LP 0.01% Add +8.0% 5,067 $589K
Investment House LLC 0.03% Reduce -36.7% 5,000 $581K
Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Co. 0.00% Reduce -8.1% 4,974 $578K
Bleakley Financial Group, LLC 0.02% Add +6.0% 4,969 $578K
Simplicity Wealth,LLC 0.01% New 4,969 $578K
Banco Santander, S.A. 0.01% New 4,800 $558K
Tidal Investments LLC 0.01% Reduce -6.6% 4,774 $555K
Credit Agricole S A 0.01% New 4,672 $531K
Cardiff Park Advisors, LLC 0.05% No change 4,556 $530K
Johnson Investment Counsel Inc. 0.01% Add +36.6% 4,479 $521K
Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc. 0.00% Add +65.0% 4,420 $514K
Fred Alger Management, LLC 0.00% Reduce -36.0% 4,417 $513K
Rathbones Group PLC 0.00% No change 4,271 $497K
Spire Wealth Management 0.01% Add +46.5% 4,255 $495K
Sequoia Financial Advisors, LLC 0.01% Add +0.3% 4,209 $489K
Quantum Portfolio Management LLC 0.28% Reduce -2.5% 4,160 $484K
Prelude Capital Management, LLC 0.03% New 4,135 $481K
IFP Advisors, Inc 0.02% Add +194.1% 4,038 $469K
Commerce Bank 0.00% Reduce -0.0% 4,014 $467K
Lombard Odier Asset Management (USA) Corp 0.07% New 4,000 $465K
SVB Wealth LLC 0.01% Reduce -10.1% 3,981 $463K
Handelsinvest Investeringsforvaltning 0.22% Reduce -30.3% 3,941 $458K
MBB Public Markets I LLC 0.03% New 3,872 $450K
Dohj, LLC 0.12% Reduce -11.6% 3,840 $446K
Checchi Capital Advisers, LLC 0.03% Add +2.6% 3,823 $444K
Two Sigma Securities, LLC 0.02% Add +125.7% 3,819 $444K
Whittier Trust Co. of Nevada Inc. 0.01% Add +11.7% 3,750 $436K
Fiera Capital Corp 0.00% New 3,662 $426K
Cibc World Market Inc. 0.00% Reduce -91.6% 3,627 $422K
FNY Investment Advisers, LLC 0.25% New 3,500 $406K
PNC Financial Services Group, Inc. 0.00% Reduce -4.9% 3,474 $404K
180 Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.07% Add +77.3% 3,404 $396K
Vestmark Advisory Solutions, Inc. 0.02% Add +58.5% 3,199 $372K
Blair William & Co. 0.00% Add +34.6% 3,102 $361K
Keystone Financial Group 0.05% New 3,099 $360K
West Family Investments, Inc. 0.11% No change 3,003 $349K
XR Securities LLC 0.10% Reduce -27.2% 2,999 $349K
Grey Street Capital, LLC 0.05% New 2,963 $344K
Schusterman Interests, LLC 0.25% No change 2,820 $328K
Tuttle Capital Management, LLC 2.47% New 2,750 $320K
Seven Eight Capital, LP 0.03% Reduce -44.2% 2,729 $317K
Truist Financial Corp. 0.00% Reduce -13.9% 2,706 $315K
Ballentine Partners, LLC 0.01% Add +6.8% 2,581 $300K
Bridgefront Capital, LLC 0.23% New 2,549 $296K
Summit Global Investments 0.02% New 2,544 $296K
Wedmont Private Capital 0.02% Add +35.6% 2,419 $293K
FinTrust Capital Advisors, LLC 0.06% No change 2,500 $291K
Apollon Wealth Management, LLC 0.01% Add +45.5% 2,477 $288K
Pekin Hardy Strauss, Inc. 0.04% Add +57.1% 2,475 $288K
Rehmann Capital Advisory Group 0.02% Add +8.8% 2,395 $278K
Parallel Advisors, LLC 0.01% Add +25.4% 2,314 $269K
PDS Planning, Inc 0.03% Reduce -1.2% 2,300 $267K
Schechter Investment Advisors, LLC 0.02% Reduce -2.3% 2,276 $265K
Integrated Wealth Concepts LLC 0.00% New 2,203 $256K
Accuvest Global Advisors 0.11% Reduce -3.6% 2,192 $255K
Prime Capital Investment Advisors, LLC 0.00% Add +23.3% 2,193 $255K
QCM Cayman, Ltd. 3.24% New 2,071 $241K
Greenleaf Trust 0.00% Add +0.8% 2,003 $233K
Caprock Group, LLC 0.01% Reduce -6.7% 1,962 $228K
Legacy Capital Group California, Inc. 0.08% Add +1.0% 1,947 $226K
Townsquare Capital LLC 0.00% Add +32.4% 1,943 $226K
Lindbrook Capital, LLC 0.02% Reduce -5.8% 1,928 $224K
Stratos Wealth Partners, LTD. 0.00% Add +8.6% 1,902 $221K
WCM Investment Management, LLC 0.00% Reduce -10.0% 1,860 $216K
Range Financial Group LLC 0.11% Reduce -10.2% 1,847 $215K
Alpha Family Trust 0.13% No change 1,820 $212K
HC Advisors, LLC 0.10% Add +20.0% 1,800 $209K
New York Life Investment Management LLC 0.00% No change 1,769 $206K
Advisors Asset Management, Inc. 0.00% Add +39.5% 1,767 $205K
Ostrum Asset Management 0.02% New 1,700 $198K
Verdad Advisers, LP 0.21% New 1,678 $195K
Blue Trust, Inc. 0.00% Reduce -24.5% 1,588 $185K
Virtus Fund Advisers, LLC 0.62% New 1,513 $176K
BOCHK Asset Management Ltd 0.06% Reduce -67.4% 1,500 $174K
Asset Dedication, LLC 0.01% Add +1.2% 1,097 $142K
CIBC Private Wealth Group LLC 0.00% New 1,175 $140K
Point72 Asia (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. 0.03% New 1,128 $131K
Steward Partners Investment Advisory, LLC 0.00% Reduce -4.6% 926 $108K
Cwm, LLC 0.00% Add +5.6% 807 $94K
Principal Securities, Inc. 0.00% Reduce -38.6% 772 $90K
Royal London Asset Management Ltd. 0.00% No change 766 $89K
EverSource Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.01% Add +63.7% 699 $88K
Janiczek Wealth Management, LLC 0.02% Reduce -0.7% 683 $79K
Accent Capital Management, LLC 0.07% Reduce -35.0% 650 $76K
Catalyst Capital Advisors LLC 0.00% Add +3.4% 633 $74K
Arax Advisory Partners 0.01% Add +38.7% 477 $55K
Caitlin John, LLC 0.04% Reduce -2.1% 458 $53K
IQ EQ FUND MANAGEMENT (SINGAPORE) PRIVATE Ltd 0.04% Add +7.5% 430 $50K
Farther Finance Advisors, LLC 0.00% Add +14.9% 408 $49K
Rosenberg Matthew Hamilton 0.01% No change 250 $30K
Future Financial Wealth Managment LLC 0.02% New 250 $29K
EntryPoint Capital, LLC 0.02% Reduce -50.7% 201 $23K
Avior Wealth Management, LLC 0.00% New 201 $23K
Allworth Financial LP 0.00% Add +41.3% 195 $23K
Bokf, NA 0.00% Reduce -4.2% 182 $22K
Global Assets Advisory, LLC 0.01% New 130 $15K
JFS Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.00% Add +19.8% 133 $15K
CoreCap Advisors, LLC 0.00% New 129 $15K
Atlas Capital Advisors Inc. 0.00% Reduce -67.3% 127 $15K
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc. 0.01% New 100 $12K
SYSTM Wealth Solutions LLC 0.00% Reduce -9.0% 101 $12K
Sandy Spring Bank 0.00% No change 100 $12K
RFP Financial Group LLC 0.00% No change 84 $10K
Key Financial Inc 0.00% No change 82 $10K
Financial Perspectives, Inc 0.00% No change 81 $9K
Cutler Group LLC / CA 0.00% Reduce -16.0% 84 $9K
Bell Investment Advisors, Inc 0.00% No change 75 $9K
Elequin Capital, LP 0.00% New 66 $8K
Macroview Investment Management LLC 0.01% New 65 $8K
Parkside Financial Bank & Trust 0.00% No change 65 $8K
Westside Investment Management, Inc. 0.00% Add +416.7% 62 $7K
Mather Group, Llc. 0.00% New 32 $5K
Smartleaf Asset Management LLC 0.00% New 39 $5K
GAMMA Investing LLC 0.00% No change 35 $4K
Frazier Financial Advisors, LLC 0.00% Add +12.0% 28 $3K
Avion Wealth 0.00% No change 25 $3K
Capital Analysts, LLC 0.00% New 30 $3K
WealthCollab, LLC 0.00% No change 24 $3K
Eagle Bay Advisors LLC 0.00% New 22 $3K
Cape Investment Advisory, Inc. 0.00% New 20 $2K
Global Retirement Partners, LLC 0.00% No change 20 $2K
Abound Wealth Management 0.00% No change 19 $2K
Archer Investment Corp 0.00% New 17 $2K
Motco 0.00% No change 13 $2K
Geneos Wealth Management Inc. 0.00% No change 13 $2K
AdvisorNet Financial, Inc 0.00% No change 12 $1K
UMB Bank, n.a. 0.00% No change 9 $1K
Covestor Ltd 0.00% No change 8 $1K
Smithfield Trust Co 0.00% New 12 $1K
Continuum Advisory, LLC 0.00% New 7 $955
Raffa Wealth Management, LLC 0.00% No change 8 $930
Harbour Investments, Inc. 0.00% Add +16.7% 7 $814
Richardson Financial Services Inc. 0.00% New 6 $698
Castleview Partners, LLC 0.00% No change 6 $698
Johnson Financial Group, Inc. 0.00% No change 6 $698
Beaird Harris Wealth Management, LLC 0.00% No change 5 $582
NFSG Corp 0.00% No change 4 $465
SouthState Bank Corp 0.00% New 4 $465
Cornerstone Planning Group LLC 0.00% No change 1 $141
Mine & Arao Wealth Creation & Management, LLC. 0.00% New 1 $117
Huntington National Bank 0.00% No change 1 $116

"% of holder's portfolio" is PDD's weight in each manager's 13F, not the share of PDD Holdings Inc. the manager owns.