First Trust Smith UnconstraiUCONETF

13F holders, Q2 2026 (June 30)
273holders −4
23new positions
27sold out
1famous investor
$24.88avg. 13F price*

At the end of Q2 2026, 273 institutions reported holding First Trust Smith Unconstrai (UCON) in their 13F filings, down 4 from Q1 2026. 23 opened new positions and 27 sold out. The largest holders were LPL Financial LLC ($340.4M), Morgan Stanley ($231.8M) and Wells Fargo & Company ($178.5M). One famous investor held it Ken Griffin (0.0% of Citadel Advisors's portfolio).

Company
First Trust Smith Unconstrai
CUSIP
33740F888
Latest filing quarter
Q2 2026

History

Number of 13F holders

0100200300400 Q1 2024: 219Q1 2024Q2 2024: 241Q2 2024Q3 2024: 257Q3 2024Q4 2024: 301Q4 2024Q1 2025: 288Q1 2025Q2 2025: 275Q2 2025Q3 2025: 262Q3 2025Q4 2025: 283Q4 2025Q1 2026: 277Q1 2026Q2 2026: 273Q2 2026

Total Exit/New Position Q1 2026 → Q2 2026

InstitutionsTotal Value
New Positions23$32.5M
Exits27$48.1M

All 13F filers, Q1 2026 → Q2 2026: 9,967,252 shares bought and 6,970,243 shares sold, net +2,997,009 shares. Counts holders who added, trimmed, opened or closed a position; split-adjusted.

Ownership 273 holders

LPL Financial LLC 0.08% Add +9.7% 13,680,994 $340.4M
Morgan Stanley 0.01% Add +4.0% 9,315,618 $231.8M
Wells Fargo & Company 0.03% Add +18.1% 7,174,273 $178.5M
Ameriprise Financial Inc. 0.03% Add +4.3% 5,567,401 $138.6M
Bank of America Corp. 0.01% Add +9.5% 4,199,258 $104.5M
Harbour Investments, Inc. 1.41% Add +1.9% 4,197,950 $104.4M
Royal Bank of Canada 0.02% Add +0.5% 4,023,683 $100.1M
Raymond James Financial Inc. 0.02% Add +0.1% 2,832,819 $70.5M
Envestnet Asset Management Inc. 0.02% Add +6.8% 2,623,316 $65.3M
HighTower Advisors, LLC 0.06% Add +1.4% 2,471,711 $61.5M
Truist Financial Corp. 0.06% Add +9.8% 2,093,617 $52.1M
Osaic Holdings, Inc. 0.06% Add +8.1% 2,045,101 $50.9M
Cetera Investment Advisers 0.04% Add +22.3% 1,757,095 $43.7M
Stifel Financial Corp. 0.03% Add +1.7% 1,661,708 $41.3M
Trilogy Capital Inc. 1.53% Add +6.2% 1,572,195 $39.1M
Csenge Advisory Group 1.55% Add +2.6% 1,528,668 $38.0M
Aptus Capital Advisors, LLC 0.25% Add +1.2% 1,400,315 $34.8M
IFP Advisors, Inc 0.51% Add +26.6% 1,129,539 $28.1M
Cambridge Investment Research Advisors, Inc. 0.06% Add +8.4% 1,081,262 $26.9M
Focus Partners Wealth 0.03% Reduce -0.3% 999,374 $24.9M
Integrated Wealth Concepts LLC 0.16% Add +9.4% 982,703 $24.4M
MML Investors Services, LLC 0.05% Add +21.6% 932,943 $23.2M
Cyndeo Wealth Partners, LLC 1.02% Add +3.9% 872,866 $21.7M
Wagner Wealth Management, LLC 3.95% Reduce -16.8% 859,217 $21.4M
EdgeRock Capital LLC 4.75% Add +6.6% 842,625 $21.0M
Commonwealth Equity Services, LLC 0.03% Reduce -25.4% 833,938 $20.7M
Dynamic Advisor Solutions LLC 0.58% Add +6.0% 816,396 $20.3M
Stratos Wealth Partners, LTD. 0.20% Add +2.9% 807,842 $20.1M
Walkner Condon Financial Advisors LLC 2.31% Add +9.0% 806,300 $20.1M
Kestra Private Wealth Services, LLC 0.22% Reduce -0.1% 801,883 $20.0M
Earned Wealth Advisors, LLC 1.27% Add +24.3% 792,030 $19.7M
Arch Global Advisors, LLC 8.63% Add +25.4% 783,525 $19.5M
Waverly Advisors, LLC 0.11% Add +5579.0% 782,901 $19.5M
Capital Investment Advisory Services, LLC 1.16% Reduce -7.0% 756,295 $18.8M
JPMorgan Chase & Co. 0.00% Add +23.0% 745,409 $18.6M
Private Advisor Group, LLC 0.08% Add +29.1% 679,658 $16.9M
&partners 0.07% Add +56.8% 661,016 $16.2M
Geneos Wealth Management Inc. 0.33% Add +1.9% 647,628 $16.1M
Spartan Wealth Advisory Services LLC 1.30% Add +1.7% 637,466 $15.9M
Navalign, LLC 3.60% Add +3.6% 620,228 $15.4M
Collaborative Wealth Managment Inc. 6.33% Add +6.5% 604,554 $15.0M
Visionary Wealth Advisors 0.58% Reduce -10.8% 590,042 $14.7M
Smartleaf Asset Management LLC 0.47% No change 580,959 $14.5M
First Heartland Consultants, Inc. 0.93% Add +1.1% 577,736 $14.4M
Janney Montgomery Scott LLC 0.03% Add +11.6% 557,893 $13.9M
Equitable Holdings, Inc. 0.08% Reduce -5.8% 544,255 $13.5M
Etesian Wealth Advisors, Inc. 3.94% Reduce -5.4% 536,383 $13.3M
Chicago Partners Investment Group LLC 0.26% Add +2.4% 522,596 $12.8M
Kestra Advisory Services, LLC 0.04% Reduce -3.7% 487,466 $12.1M
Western Wealth Management, LLC 0.37% Reduce -8.4% 455,724 $11.3M
Rehmann Capital Advisory Group 0.51% Reduce -3.0% 445,374 $11.1M
Focus Financial Network, Inc. 0.34% New 435,847 $10.8M
HBW Advisory Services LLC 0.97% Add +5.4% 432,069 $10.7M
Axxcess Wealth Management, LLC 0.17% New 428,367 $10.7M
Darwin Wealth Management, LLC 2.92% Add +2.8% 428,366 $10.7M
Prasad Wealth Partners, LLC 2.44% Add +2.2% 407,632 $10.1M
Mach-1 Financial Group, LLC 3.89% Reduce -0.2% 404,016 $10.1M
US Bancorp \de 0.01% Reduce -5.8% 392,174 $9.8M
Captrust Financial Advisors 0.01% Reduce -24.3% 377,679 $9.4M
Larson Financial Group LLC 0.24% Reduce -19.6% 367,273 $9.1M
Gateway Wealth Partners, LLC 0.54% Reduce -47.4% 362,821 $9.0M
Appalachian Capital Management Ltd 6.54% Add +0.7% 362,396 $9.0M
Boyce & Associates Wealth Consulting, Inc. 6.17% Add +0.6% 357,500 $8.9M
Live Oak Investment Partners 4.76% Add +2.2% 355,723 $8.9M
XML Financial, LLC 0.64% Add +0.5% 354,461 $8.8M
Wealth Advisory Team LLC 6.51% — 321,889 $8.0M
Mather Group, Llc. 0.07% Add +1.2% 310,721 $7.7M
Certified Advisory Corp 0.61% Reduce -3.1% 303,176 $7.5M
Baird Financial Group, Inc. 0.01% Add +5.1% 301,493 $7.5M
Ameritas Advisory Services, LLC 0.15% Add +441.4% 297,348 $7.4M
Twin Peaks Wealth Advisors, LLC 1.59% Add +7.0% 281,760 $7.0M
CoreCap Advisors, LLC 0.20% Reduce -23.8% 271,933 $6.8M
PFG Advisors 0.34% Add +4.0% 271,861 $6.8M
TrueWealth Advisors, LLC 1.48% Add +0.7% 263,690 $6.6M
Gaddis Premier Wealth Advisors LLC 3.98% Add +7.9% 262,644 $6.5M
Tolleson Wealth Management, Inc. 0.86% Reduce -1.7% 257,263 $6.4M
NewEdge Advisors, LLC 0.02% Add +20.4% 252,649 $6.3M
Summit Financial, LLC 0.07% Add +361.5% 248,448 $6.2M
GSG Advisors LLC 1.34% Reduce -2.4% 245,011 $6.1M
Stonehaven Wealth & Tax Solutions, LLC 4.88% Add +1.5% 244,917 $6.1M
Triumph Capital Management 1.09% Add +25.4% 241,682 $6.0M
Total Clarity Wealth Management, Inc. 1.15% Add +28.9% 238,069 $5.9M
Keel Point, LLC 0.35% Add +8.2% 235,009 $5.8M
Apollon Wealth Management, LLC 0.07% Reduce -0.8% 232,625 $5.8M
OneDigital Investment Advisors LLC 0.05% Add +16.3% 227,668 $5.7M
Nova Wealth Management, Inc. 3.00% Add +35.8% 218,384 $5.4M
Goldstone Financial Group, LLC 0.49% Reduce -15.3% 215,659 $5.4M
Vise Technologies, Inc. 0.06% Add +34.4% 215,630 $5.4M
Focused Alpha, LLC 1.34% Reduce -1.5% 209,939 $5.2M
Mariner, LLC 0.01% Reduce -57.1% 205,551 $5.1M
D.A. Davidson & Co. 0.03% Add +72.2% 204,552 $5.1M
Golden State Wealth Management, LLC 0.46% Reduce -13.2% 204,175 $5.1M
Synergy Investment Management, LLC 1.23% Add +8.7% 204,044 $5.1M
SlateStone Wealth, LLC 0.36% Reduce -5.3% 190,935 $4.8M
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. 0.05% Reduce -34.0% 190,379 $4.7M
Philip James Wealth Mangement, LLC 0.51% Reduce -7.8% 174,823 $4.3M
Ashton Thomas Private Wealth, LLC 0.09% Add +7.8% 174,645 $4.3M
Wedbush Securities Inc. 0.11% Add +2.4% 172,475 $4.3M
Diversify Advisory Services, LLC 0.07% New 171,690 $4.2M
Diversify Wealth Management, LLC 0.07% Add +230.6% 171,690 $4.2M
Holistic Financial Partners 2.56% Reduce -66.6% 168,531 $4.2M
Flagship Harbor Advisors, LLC 0.15% Reduce -0.4% 157,794 $3.9M
Fairway Financial, LLC 2.61% Add +1.9% 153,163 $3.8M
Commonwealth Financial Services, LLC 0.51% Reduce -80.0% 153,000 $3.8M
Midwest Financial Group LLC 1.31% New 149,886 $3.7M
Wagner Wealth Management, Corp 2.99% Add +4.6% 148,920 $3.7M
RiverTree Advisors, LLC 1.99% Add +32.5% 135,348 $3.4M
Bleakley Financial Group, LLC 0.04% Reduce -67.4% 134,691 $3.4M
AssuredPartners Investment Advisors, LLC 0.31% Add +1.4% 127,103 $3.2M
Advisory Services Network, LLC 0.04% Add +5.8% 126,257 $3.1M
Thrivent Financial for Lutherans 0.01% Add +429.4% 125,810 $3.1M
Tactive Advisors, LLC 0.77% Reduce -39.1% 125,615 $3.1M
Defined Wealth Management, LLC 1.52% Add +11.3% 118,507 $2.9M
Acorn Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.71% Add +10.6% 117,379 $2.9M
Beaumont Financial Advisors, LLC 0.18% Add +3.8% 114,627 $2.9M
J.W. Cole Advisors, Inc. 0.05% Add +811.6% 106,659 $2.7M
Stonebridge Financial Planning Group, LLC 0.83% Reduce -8.0% 104,816 $2.6M
Core Wealth Partners LLC 1.11% Add +973.5% 104,345 $2.6M
HCR Wealth Advisors 0.22% Add +18.1% 99,819 $2.5M
Holos Integrated Wealth LLC 1.13% Reduce -15.6% 97,695 $2.4M
Blackhawk Capital Partners, LLC 0.72% Add +4.0% 89,113 $2.2M
Pine Valley Investments Ltd Liability Co 0.09% Reduce -2.6% 87,114 $2.2M
Transcend Capital Advisors, LLC 0.14% Reduce -5.4% 84,941 $2.1M
Avantax Planning Partners, Inc. 0.05% Reduce -0.5% 77,200 $1.9M
Spectrum Wealth Advisory Group, LLC 0.54% Reduce -17.9% 76,645 $1.9M
Capital CS Group, LLC 2.77% Reduce -21.4% 76,485 $1.9M
Avior Wealth Management, LLC 0.05% Reduce -26.8% 74,337 $1.8M
Citadel Advisors 0.00% Reduce -82.4% 71,904 $1.8M
Kingsview Wealth Management, LLC 0.02% Reduce -18.7% 70,664 $1.8M
Columbia Advisory Partners LLC 0.90% Reduce -0.3% 65,463 $1.6M
Rockefeller Capital Management L.P. 0.00% Reduce -7.2% 61,072 $1.5M
Centaurus Financial, Inc. 0.06% Add +56.7% 58,985 $1.5M
Fifth Third Bancorp 0.00% Reduce -6.4% 58,266 $1.4M
Legacy Capital Wealth Partners, LLC 0.26% Add +3.4% 54,551 $1.4M
Beacon Financial Group 0.12% Reduce -51.8% 54,474 $1.4M
Puff Wealth Management, LLC 1.38% — 54,457 $1.4M
PKS Advisory Services, LLC 0.21% Add +2.0% 51,934 $1.3M
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. 0.01% Reduce -5.4% 50,133 $1.2M
Prospera Financial Services Inc 0.02% Add +35.1% 48,673 $1.2M
Legacy Wealth Managment, LLC 0.46% Add +62.8% 44,880 $1.1M
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. 0.00% Add +22.3% 44,472 $1.1M
Fifth Third Securities, Inc. 0.06% Add +12.7% 43,412 $1.1M
Chiron Capital Management, LLC 0.97% Add +256.8% 43,388 $1.1M
Farther Finance Advisors, LLC 0.01% Reduce -21.9% 41,503 $1.0M
Independent Financial Group, LLC 0.02% Reduce -13.1% 41,039 $1.0M
Betterment LLC 0.00% Add +18.3% 39,740 $989K
Mutual Advisors, LLC 0.02% Add +231.3% 39,694 $988K
SouthState Bank Corp 0.04% Reduce -11.2% 39,591 $985K
Greenwood Capital Associates LLC 0.09% Add +92.9% 38,702 $963K
Kintra Wealth, LLC 0.05% Reduce -14.3% 37,420 $925K
Lanark Financial, Inc. 0.06% Add +0.5% 36,843 $917K
Impact Partnership Wealth, LLC 0.09% Reduce -6.3% 35,592 $886K
Harvest Investment Services, LLC 0.14% Add +8.9% 35,317 $879K
Lido Advisors, LLC 0.00% Reduce -6.3% 33,455 $832K
Chris Bulman Inc 0.30% Add +13.1% 33,420 $832K
Global Retirement Partners, LLC 0.01% — 32,489 $808K
CLG LLC 0.17% Add +0.4% 31,833 $792K
Stratos Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.04% Reduce -10.5% 31,480 $783K
Asset One Wealth Management LLC 0.08% Add +4.1% 31,275 $776K
Envestnet Portfolio Solutions, Inc. 0.00% Add +2.0% 29,473 $733K
Arkadios Wealth Advisors 0.01% Reduce -97.3% 29,269 $728K
Compass Financial Management LLC 0.09% — 29,065 $723K
Steward Partners Investment Advisory, LLC 0.00% Reduce -0.5% 28,249 $703K
Principal Securities, Inc. 0.01% Reduce -2.0% 28,005 $697K
Winebrenner Capital Management LLC 0.42% Add +1.6% 27,877 $694K
Arax Advisory Partners 0.00% Reduce -0.7% 27,661 $688K
Brookstone Capital Management 0.01% Add +9.8% 27,151 $676K
Balefire, LLC 0.11% Reduce -20.3% 26,759 $666K
MBE Wealth Management, LLC 0.22% Reduce -0.3% 25,616 $637K
Sanctuary Advisors, LLC 0.00% Add +3.7% 24,973 $621K
Snowden Capital Advisors LLC 0.01% Reduce -5.1% 24,900 $620K
Lakeridge Wealth Management LLC 0.23% No change 24,862 $619K
HORAN Wealth, LLC 0.08% Add +20.3% 24,493 $609K
Park Square Financial Group, LLC 5.37% Reduce -17.2% 23,904 $595K
Berger Financial Group, Inc 0.03% Reduce -3.6% 23,104 $575K
Quantinno Capital Management LP 0.00% New 23,034 $573K
Washington Trust Bank 0.04% New 22,170 $552K
Northwest Wealth Management, LLC 0.07% No change 22,144 $551K
Focus Partners Advisor Solutions, LLC 0.00% No change 22,144 $551K
Savant Capital, LLC 0.00% Reduce -7.0% 21,847 $544K
VestGen Advisors, LLC 0.02% Add +33.2% 21,662 $539K
Mgo One Seven LLC 0.01% Add +17.1% 21,023 $523K
Private Trust Co. NA 0.04% Add +10.6% 19,535 $486K
Kovack Advisors, Inc. 0.02% Reduce -1.0% 19,395 $483K
Concurrent Investment Advisors, LLC 0.00% Reduce -2.5% 19,370 $482K
Perennial Investment Advisors, LLC 0.03% Reduce -36.6% 19,108 $475K
Wealth Enhancement Advisory Services, LLC 0.00% Reduce -25.1% 18,987 $471K
Huntleigh Advisors, Inc. 0.06% Add +1.0% 18,600 $463K
Chokshi & Queen Wealth Advisors, Inc 0.21% Reduce -5.2% 18,494 $460K
Capital Analysts, LLC 0.01% Reduce -2.3% 18,359 $457K
United Advisor Group, LLC 0.05% Reduce -0.0% 17,968 $447K
Q3 Asset Management 0.08% Add +1.1% 17,199 $427K
Maia Wealth LLC 0.06% Reduce -4.6% 16,825 $419K
AE Wealth Management LLC 0.00% Add +23.8% 15,413 $383K
Gentry Private Wealth, LLC 0.19% Add +0.3% 15,187 $378K
Axis Wealth Partners, LLC 0.18% Add +1.1% 15,187 $378K
Proactive Wealth Strategies LLC 0.06% Add +1.1% 15,052 $374K
Titleist Asset Management, LLC 0.02% Add +35.5% 14,802 $368K
SHP Wealth Management 0.03% Reduce -12.5% 14,801 $368K
StoneX Group Inc. 0.01% Reduce -77.8% 14,528 $362K
Sequent Planning LLC 0.08% Reduce -86.0% 14,297 $356K
Creative Financial Designs Inc. 0.02% Reduce -6.5% 13,393 $333K
Savvy Advisors, Inc. 0.01% Reduce -21.1% 13,373 $333K
Fairvoy Private Wealth, LLC 0.07% No change 13,040 $324K
Financial Engines Advisors L.L.C. 0.00% No change 12,813 $319K
BlackDiamond Wealth Management, LLC 0.12% Reduce -68.7% 12,221 $301K
Ellenbecker Investment Group 0.03% Reduce -7.0% 12,053 $300K
Morling Financial Advisors, LLC 0.08% Reduce -1.7% 11,881 $296K
SteelPeak Wealth, LLC 0.01% Reduce -5.0% 11,833 $294K
Adelphi Trust Co 0.19% New 11,710 $291K
Clear Creek Financial Management, LLC 0.02% Reduce -4.4% 11,619 $289K
Flagstar Securities, Inc. 0.09% Add +1.1% 11,461 $285K
Mayflower Financial Advisors, LLC 0.02% Add +31.5% 11,450 $285K
Assetmark, Inc. 0.00% Reduce -0.5% 11,312 $281K
Strategic Blueprint, LLC 0.01% Reduce -37.4% 10,450 $260K
Valeo Financial Advisors, LLC 0.01% New 10,253 $255K
FARMERS & MERCHANTS TRUST Co OF LONG BEACH 0.05% New 9,872 $246K
Retirement Planning Group, LLC 0.01% Add +2.9% 9,528 $237K
Susquehanna International Group, LLP 0.00% Reduce -73.7% 9,500 $236K
Financial Futures Ltd Liability Co. 0.09% Reduce -27.6% 9,254 $230K
Blom & Howell Financial Planning, Inc. 0.19% Reduce -2.1% 9,077 $226K
Merit Financial Group, LLC 0.00% Reduce -11.2% 8,912 $222K
Octavia Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.02% Reduce -3.2% 8,830 $220K
Inspirion Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.02% Reduce -8.8% 8,738 $217K
Fiduciary Financial Advisors 0.02% New 8,705 $217K
GK Wealth Management LLC 0.13% New 8,343 $208K
Krilogy Financial LLC 0.01% Add +0.4% 8,316 $207K
Foundations Investment Advisors, LLC 0.00% New 8,185 $204K
Summit Wealth Group LLC / Co. 0.02% Reduce -0.2% 8,150 $203K
Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Co. 0.00% Add +367.6% 8,098 $201K
Moneco Advisors, LLC 0.01% New 8,085 $201K
Ni Acquisitions Company, LLC 0.07% — 3,159 $174K
Evolution Wealth Management Inc. 0.10% Reduce -1.1% 6,982 $174K
Pinnacle Bancorp, Inc. 0.04% No change 6,125 $152K
Medallion Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.05% Reduce -3.6% 6,100 $152K
DHJJ Financial Advisors, Ltd. 0.04% Reduce -3.5% 5,640 $140K
Elevated Capital Advisors, LLC 0.03% No change 5,101 $127K
Qube Research & Technologies Ltd 0.00% New 4,722 $117K
Spire Wealth Management 0.00% Reduce -15.7% 4,446 $111K
Basepoint Wealth LLC 0.05% New 3,710 $92K
Migdal Insurance & Financial Holdings Ltd. 0.00% No change 3,080 $77K
Hazlett, Burt & Watson, Inc. 0.02% Reduce -9.8% 2,500 $62K
First Pacific Financial 0.01% Add +1.1% 2,301 $57K
International Assets Investment Management, LLC 0.00% No change 2,273 $57K
Ascentis Independent Advisors 0.15% No change 2,230 $55K
TD Capital Management LLC 0.00% Add +1.1% 1,941 $48K
IFG Advisory, LLC 0.00% Add +218.0% 1,908 $47K
Biltmore Family Office, LLC 0.00% New 1,242 $31K
Abound Wealth Management 0.01% New 1,235 $31K
Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB 0.00% No change 931 $23K
Strategic Wealth Partners, Ltd. 0.00% Add +1.1% 818 $20K
Decker Retirement Planning Inc. 0.01% New 804 $20K
Lloyd Advisory Services, LLC. 0.01% New 768 $19K
Wolff Wiese Magana LLC 0.01% No change 735 $18K
Owl Creek Wealth Partners LLC 0.01% No change 701 $17K
Jones Financial Companies LLLP 0.00% Reduce -77.0% 625 $16K
Signature Resources Capital Management, LLC 0.01% No change 624 $16K
CBIZ Investment Advisory Services, LLC 0.00% No change 619 $15K
UBS Group AG 0.00% New 543 $14K
MPWM Advisory Solutions, LLC 0.00% No change 423 $11K
Keating Financial Advisory Services, Inc. 0.00% Add +105.2% 398 $10K
Bank of Montreal 0.00% Reduce -51.0% 385 $10K
Oakworth Capital, Inc. 0.00% No change 237 $6K
Thurston, Springer, Miller, Herd & Titak, Inc. 0.00% Add +1.3% 235 $6K
Tucker Asset Management LLC 0.00% No change 179 $4K
HHM Wealth Advisors, LLC 0.00% New 112 $3K
Bernard Wealth Management Corp. 0.00% No change 110 $3K
Dunhill Financial, LLC 0.00% No change 88 $2K
Glass Jacobson Investment Advisors llc 0.00% No change 75 $2K
Investors Research Corp 0.00% New 51 $1K
BNP Paribas Financial Markets 0.00% Reduce -26.9% 19 $473
Tower Research Capital LLC (TRC) 0.00% New 16 $398
RHL Group, LLC 0.00% Reduce -73.9% 6 $150

"% of holder's portfolio" is UCON's weight in each manager's 13F, not the share of First Trust Smith Unconstrai the manager owns.